In the Op Amp circuit shown in the figure, let Rf = 10kΩ, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 = 20kΩ, R3 = 40kΩ, and R4 = 80kΩ. Obtain the analog output for binary inputs [0000], [0001], [0010], . . . , [1111]. Using this ...

Voltage-controlled oscillator-based analog-to-digital converters (VCO-based ADCs) represent an emerging class of digitisation circuits that harness the frequency-modulating properties of VCOs to ...

If you’ve ever listened to an MP3, watched a movie on Netflix, or jumped on a Zoom call, you’ve used a DAC. Digital-to-analog converters (or DACs for short) are the unsung heroes of the digital audio ...

Sometimes, when an audio component dies, the root cause is something electrical. Sometimes, the issue ends up being ...