Data that have a multilevel structure occur frequently across a range of disciplines, including epidemiology, health services research, public health, education and sociology. We describe three ...

Data modeling, at its core, is the process of transforming raw data into meaningful insights. It involves creating representations of a database’s structure and organization. These models are often ...

The papers included in this special issue are primarily concerned with the problem of cross section dependence and heterogeneity in the analysis of panel data models and their relevance in applied ...

Even as large language models have been making a splash with ChatGPT and its competitors, another incoming AI wave has been quietly emerging: large database models. Even as large language models have ...

Get started modeling entities and relationships for Java data persistence, using an example application based on Java 21 with Hibernate 6.3. The Jakarta Persistence API (JPA) is a Java specification ...

Big data is less predictable than traditional data, and therefore requires special consideration when building models. Here are some things to keep in mind. Image: iStock/z_wei Data modeling is a ...