Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is already a widely adopted technology in high-speed digital communications. But to understand why it has become ubiquitous in serial data standards, you first must ...

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a fundamental technique in power electronics that facilitates the efficient control of power delivery by modulating the width of voltage or current pulses.

Figure 3: Pulse-triggered averaging reveals relative pulse timing-dependent gene expression under constant conditions, and modulation of relative timing by glucose concentration.